Consumer medicine information

Tramal Capsules and Injections

Tramadol hydrochloride

BRAND INFORMATION

Brand name

Tramal

Active ingredient

Tramadol hydrochloride

Schedule

S4

 

Consumer medicine information (CMI) leaflet

Please read this leaflet carefully before you start using Tramal Capsules and Injections.

What is in this leaflet?

This leaflet answers some common questions about TRAMAL®. It does not contain all the available information. It does not take the place of talking to your doctor or pharmacist.

All medicines have risks and benefits. Your doctor has weighed the risks of you taking TRAMAL® against the benefits this medicine is expected to have for you.

If you have any concerns about taking this medicine, ask your doctor or pharmacist.

Keep this leaflet. You may need to read it again.

What TRAMAL® is used for

TRAMAL® is used to relieve severe pain and belongs to a group of medicines called opioid analgesics (pain relievers).

Your doctor may have prescribed TRAMAL® for another reason. Ask your doctor why TRAMAL® has been prescribed for you.

This medicine is available only with a doctor’s prescription.

TRAMAL® is for use in adults and children over 12 years of age. It should not be used in children under the age of 12 years or following the removal of tonsils and/or adenoids in people under 18.

Before you use TRAMAL®

When you must not use it

Do not use TRAMAL® if:

  • you have a known allergy to TRAMAL® or any of the ingredients listed at the end of this leaflet.
    Some of the symptoms of an allergic reaction may include skin rash, itching, difficulty breathing and swelling of the face (including lips, tongue, throat etc)
  • you have an allergy to any other medicines known as opioid analgesics, eg. morphine or codeine
  • you have respiratory disease or slow or shallow breathing
  • you have taken large amounts of alcohol or other substances which can affect your level of consciousness. Some examples of these substances include sleeping pills, pain relievers or other psychotropic medicines (medicines that affect mood and emotions)
  • you are taking medicine for depression containing a "monoamine oxidase inhibitor", also known as a MAOI, or have taken one within the past two weeks. Examples of MAOI-containing medicines are Nardil®, Parnate®
  • have uncontrolled epilepsy or if your epilepsy is not well controlled by treatment
  • are younger than 12 years old or if you are between 12 – 18 years of age and are recovering from an operation to remove your tonsils and/or adenoids.

Do not use TRAMAL® after the expiry date printed on the pack. If you take this medicine after the expiry date has passed, it may not work as well.

Do not use TRAMAL® if the packaging is torn or shows signs of tampering.

Addiction
You can become addicted to TRAMAL® even if you take it exactly as prescribed. TRAMAL® may become habit forming causing mental and physical dependence. If abused it may become less able to reduce pain.

Dependence
As with all other opioid containing products, your body may become used to you taking TRAMAL®. Taking it may result in physical dependence. Physical dependence means that you may experience withdrawal symptoms if you stop taking TRAMAL® suddenly, so it is important to take it exactly as directed by your doctor.

Tolerance
Tolerance to TRAMAL® may develop, which means that the effect of the medicine may decrease. If this happens, more may be needed to maintain the same effect.

Withdrawal
Continue taking your medicine for as long as your doctor tells you. If you stop having this medicine suddenly, your pain may worsen and you may experience some or all of the following withdrawal symptoms:

  • nervousness, restlessness, agitation, trouble sleeping or anxiety
  • body aches, weakness or stomach cramps
  • loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting or diarrhoea
  • increased heart rate, breathing rate or pupil size
  • watery eyes, runny nose, chills or yawning
  • increased sweating.

Very rarely, some patients have experienced the following withdrawal reactions:

  • panic attacks
  • severe anxiety
  • hallucinations
  • tingling or numbness (pins and needles)
  • ringing in your ears
  • confusion, delusions or paranoia.

TRAMAL® given to the mother during labour can cause breathing problems and signs of withdrawal in the newborn.

If you are not sure whether you should start taking TRAMAL®, talk to your doctor.

Before you use it

You must tell your doctor if:

  • you have a known allergy to TRAMAL® or any of the ingredients listed at the end of this leaflet
  • you are known to be sensitive to opioids
  • you drink alcohol
  • you have or ever had any other health problems, including:
    - any lung or breathing problems
    - sleep-related breathing disorders
    - any conditions that may affect how your kidney or liver work
    - any stomach problems
    - a severe headache or feel sick due to a head injury
    - any fits or convulsions or take medicine for epilepsy.
  • you have or have had any problems with drug or alcohol dependence.
  • you are pregnant or intend to become pregnant. TRAMAL® is not recommended for use during pregnancy. TRAMAL® can pass to your unborn baby when you are pregnant. Talk to your doctor about the risks and benefits of using TRAMAL® during pregnancy
  • you are breast-feeding or plan to breast-feed. TRAMAL® is not recommended for use during breast-feeding. Talk to your doctor about the risks and benefits of using TRAMAL® when breast- feeding

If you have not told your doctor about any of the above, tell them before you use TRAMAL®.

Taking other medicines

Tell your doctor or pharmacist if you are taking any other medicines, including medicines that you buy without a prescription from your pharmacy, supermarket or health food shop.

Some medicines may interfere with TRAMAL®. These include:

  • carbamazepine (eg. Tegretol®)
  • coumarin derivatives (eg.warfarin: Some brand names are Coumadin®, or Marevan®)
  • medicine for irregular or rapid heart beat
  • medicines for depression, sleeplessness or mental conditions such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI’s), serotonin-noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors (SNRI’s), tricyclic anti-depressants, quinidine, phenothiazines or anti-psychotics
  • some antibiotics.

These medicines may be affected by TRAMAL®, or may affect how well it works. You may need different amounts of your medicine, or you may need to take different medicines. Other interactions not listed above may also occur.

Your doctor or pharmacist has more information on medicines to be careful with or avoid while taking TRAMAL®.

How TRAMAL® is used

TRAMAL® is available as capsules (to swallow) and injections (to be given into a vein or muscle).

Your doctor will decide:

  • how you will receive TRAMAL®;
  • what dose; and
  • for how long.

TRAMAL® Injections

If you have been prescribed TRAMAL® injections, your doctor or nurse will administer them for you. Take them with you when you visit your doctor. TRAMAL® injections can be injected into a vein or a muscle.

How much to take

TRAMAL® Capsules
An initial dose of, one TRAMAL® capsule may provide sufficient pain relief, followed by one or two capsules two or three times a day as required.

For more severe pain, two TRAMAL® capsules are usually required for the first dose, followed by one or two capsules every four to six hours as required.

Patients over 75 years of age may require a lower daily dose.

Do not take more than eight TRAMAL® capsules per day.

Follow carefully all directions given to you by your doctor and pharmacist.

These directions may differ from the information in this leaflet.

If you do not understand the instructions on the pack, ask your doctor or pharmacist for help.

How to take it

TRAMAL® capsules should be swallowed whole, with water.

When to take it

You can take TRAMAL® before, with, or after food.

How long to take it

This differs between individuals depending on how severe your pain is, how you respond to TRAMAL® and the cause of your pain. Ask your doctor for advice on how long you need to take TRAMAL®.

Carefully follow all directions given to you by your doctor and the pharmacist.

If you forget to take it

If you forget to take a dose, you can take it as soon as you remember. The next dose should be taken after four or six hours, or as prescribed by your doctor.

Do not take a double dose to make up for the dose that you missed. This may increase the chance of you getting an unwanted side effect.

If you are not sure what to do, ask your doctor or pharmacist.

If you take too much (overdose)

If you or someone else receive too much (overdose), and experience one or more of the symptoms below, call triple zero (000) for an ambulance. Keep the person awake by talking to them or gently shaking them every now and then. You should follow the above steps even if someone other than you have accidentally used TRAMAL® that was prescribed for you. If someone takes an overdose, they may experience one or more of the following symptoms:

  • Slow, unusual or difficult breathing
  • Drowsiness, dizziness or unconsciousness
  • Slow or weak heartbeat
  • Nausea or vomiting
  • Convulsions or fits

If you think you or someone else may have taken too much TRAMAL®, you should immediately:

  • phone the Poisons Information Centre (by calling 13 11 26), or
  • contact your doctor, or
  • go to the Emergency Department at your nearest hospital.

You should do this even if there are no signs of discomfort or poisoning.

When seeking medical attention, take this leaflet and remaining medicine with you to show the doctor. Also tell them about any other medicines or alcohol which have been taken.

While you are using TRAMAL®

Things you must do

If you become pregnant while you are taking TRAMAL®, tell your doctor immediately.

If you are about to be started on any new medicine, tell your doctor and pharmacist that you are taking TRAMAL®.

If your pain is not as severe and you feel that you do not need as much TRAMAL® as your doctor prescribed, consult your doctor.

Tell your doctor if your pain is not helped or gets worse. Do not take increased amounts or extra doses without checking with your doctor.

Tell any other doctors, dentists, and pharmacists who treat you, that you are taking this medicine.

If you are going to have surgery, tell the surgeon or anaesthetist that you are taking this medicine. It may affect other medicines used during surgery.

If you have to have any blood tests tell your doctor you are taking this medicine. It may affect the results of some tests.

Keep all of your doctor’s appointments so that your progress can be checked.

Things you must not do

Do not give TRAMAL® to anyone else, even if they have the same condition as you.

Do not use TRAMAL® to treat any other complaints unless your doctor tells you to.

Do not give your medicine to anyone else, even if they seem to have the same condition as you.

Do not stop taking your medicine or lower the dosage without checking with your doctor.

Things to be careful of

Be careful when driving or operating machinery until you know how this medicine affects you. This medicine may cause dizziness, light-headedness, tiredness, drowsiness in some people. If you have any of these symptoms, do not drive, operate machinery or do anything else that could be dangerous.

Side effects

Check with your doctor as soon as possible if you have any problems while taking TRAMAL®, even if you do not think the problems are connected with the medicine or are not listed in this leaflet.

Like other medicines, TRAMAL® can cause side effects. If they occur, most are likely to be minor and temporary. However, some may be serious and need medical attention.

Do not be alarmed by the following lists of side effects. You may not experience any of them.

Ask your doctor or pharmacist to answer any questions you may have.

The most common side effects of TRAMAL® are:

  • dizziness
  • sedation, fatigue
  • headache
  • constipation
  • nausea or vomiting
  • sweating
  • dry mouth.

The following side effects are less common:

  • indigestion
  • hiccups
  • changes in appetite
  • skin reactions
  • sudden onset of low blood pressure, collapse
  • muscle weakness
  • tremor
  • seizures
  • respiratory depression
  • improvement in mood
  • confusion
  • sleep disturbance
  • blurred vision
  • difficulty in passing urine
  • Serotonin Syndrome: signs of this vary and are not specific: they may include sweating, agitation, muscle twitching, tremor, spontaneous muscle contraction, high body temperature. Serotonin Syndrome may result from interaction of tramadol with other medicines which increase serotonin effects, for example, the SSRI antidepressants.
  • low blood glucose (hypoglycaemia)

Tell your doctor immediately if you experience any of the following side-effects, as urgent medical treatment may be required:

  • skin rash (red spots or patches), itching, hives, skin lumps
  • swelling or puffiness of the eyelids, face or lips
  • chest tightness, wheezing or pain in the chest
  • heart palpitations, faintness or collapse
  • hallucinations
  • convulsions.

Talk to your doctor if you experience any of the following symptoms while taking TRAMAL®:

Extreme fatigue, lack of appetite, severe abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting or low blood pressure. This may indicate that you have adrenal insufficiency (low cortisol levels)

Adrenal insufficiency is caused by failure of the adrenal glands to produce enough or any of the hormones cortisol and aldosterone.

If you have these symptoms, contact your doctor, who will decide if you need to take hormone supplement.

Other side effects not listed above may also occur in some patients.

Tell your doctor if you notice anything else that is making you feel unwell.

After using TRAMAL®

Storage

Keep your TRAMAL® in the pack until it is time to take them. If you take TRAMAL® out of the pack it may not keep well.

Keep it in a cool dry place where the temperature stays below 30°C. Do not store it in the bathroom or near a sink.

Do not leave it in the car or on window sills. Heat and dampness can destroy some medicines.

Keep it where children cannot reach it. A locked cupboard at least 1½ metres above the ground is a good place to store medicines.

Disposal

If you no longer need to use this medicine or it is out of date, take it to any pharmacy for safe disposal.

Do not use this medicine after the expiry date.

TRAMAL® description

What it looks like

TRAMAL® is available as capsules or injections.

Capsules:
Each capsule is - yellow in colour. They are available in packs of 10, 20, 30 or 50 capsules.

Injections:
Clear liquid contained in 1mL or 2mL glass ampoules. Available in packs of 5 ampoules.

Ingredients

Active ingredient:

TRAMAL® capsules:
contain 50 mg tramadol hydrochloride per capsule.

TRAMAL® injections:
contain tramadol hydrochloride either:

  • 50 mg in 1 mL ampoules
    or
  • 100 mg in 2 mL ampoules

Inactive ingredients:

TRAMAL® capsules:

  • cellulose-microcrystalline
  • magnesium stearate
  • sodium starch glycollate
  • silica-colloidal anhydrous
  • iron oxide yellow (CI 77492)
  • titanium dioxide
  • gelatin
  • Sodium lauryl sulphate

TRAMAL® injections:

  • sodium acetate
  • water for injections.

TRAMAL® capsules and injections do not contain lactose, sucrose, tartrazine or any other azo dyes.

Manufacturer/Sponsor

TRAMAL® is made in Germany and sponsored in Australia by:

Seqirus Pty Ltd
ABN 26 160 735 035
63 Poplar Road
Parkville 3052 Victoria
AUSTRALIA
Telephone: 1800 642 865
www.seqirus.com.au

Date of Preparation of this Information:

August 2015

Date of Update of this Information:

19 May 2023

The Australian registration numbers are:

Injections 50mg/mL:
AUST R 64009

Injections 100mg/2mL:
AUST R 64010

Capsules 50mg:
AUST R 64011

TRAMAL® is a registered trademark of Grünenthal GmbH used by Seqirus as authorised user.

Published by MIMS July 2023

BRAND INFORMATION

Brand name

Tramal

Active ingredient

Tramadol hydrochloride

Schedule

S4

 

Boxed Warnings

Limitations of use. Because of the risks associated with the use of opioids, Tramal should only be used in patients for whom other treatment options, including non-opioid analgesics, are ineffective, not tolerated or otherwise inadequate to provide appropriate management of pain (see Section 4.4 Special Warnings and Precautions for Use).
Hazardous and harmful use. Tramal poses risks of hazardous and harmful use which can lead to overdose and death. Assess the patient's risk of hazardous and harmful use before prescribing and monitor the patient regularly during treatment (see Section 4.4 Special Warnings and Precautions for Use).
Life threatening respiratory depression. Serious, life-threatening or fatal respiratory depression may occur with the use of Tramal. Be aware of situations which increase the risk of respiratory depression, modify dosing in patients at risk and monitor patients closely, especially on initiation or following a dose increase (see Section 4.4 Special Warnings and Precautions for Use).
Concomitant use of benzodiazepines and other central nervous system (CNS) depressants, including alcohol. Concomitant use of opioids with benzodiazepines, gabapentinoids, antihistamines, tricyclic antidepressants, antipsychotics, cannabis or other central nervous system (CNS) depressants, including alcohol, may result in profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death. Limit dosages and durations to the minimum required; and monitor patients for signs and symptoms of respiratory depression and sedation. Caution patients not to drink alcohol while taking Tramal.

1 Name of Medicine

Tramadol hydrochloride.

2 Qualitative and Quantitative Composition

Tramal (tramadol hydrochloride) immediate release capsules 50 mg.
Tramal (tramadol hydrochloride) solution for injection 50 mg/mL, 100 mg/2 mL.
Tramal SR (tramadol hydrochloride) sustained release tablets 50 mg, 100 mg, 150 mg and 200 mg.
Tramal oral drops (tramadol hydrochloride) immediate release, solution 100 mg/mL.
The composition of the Tramal capsules, Tramal solution for injection, Tramal SR tablets and Tramal oral drops are as follows:
Tramal 50 mg capsules. Contain tramadol hydrochloride 50 mg. Excipients in Tramal capsules are: microcrystalline cellulose, magnesium stearate, sodium starch glycollate, anhydrous colloidal silica. Excipients in the capsule shell are: iron oxide yellow, titanium dioxide, gelatin, sodium lauryl sulphate.
Tramal 50 and 100 solution for injection. Contain tramadol hydrochloride 50 mg/mL. Excipients are: sodium acetate, water for injections.
Tramal SR sustained release tablets. Contain tramadol hydrochloride in the following dose strengths: 50, 100, 150 and 200 mg. Excipients are: hypromellose 105 mPa.s, anhydrous colloidal silica, magnesium stearate, microcrystalline cellulose. Excipients in the film coat are: hypromellose 6 mPa.s, lactose monohydrate, macrogol 6000, propylene glycol, purified talc, titanium dioxide, quinoline yellow aluminium lake (150 and 200 mg tablets only), iron oxide red (150 and 200 mg tablets only), iron oxide yellow (50 and 200 mg tablets only) and iron oxide black (200 mg tablet only).
Excipients with known effect. Lactose.
Tramal oral drops 100 mg/mL. Contain tramadol hydrochloride 100 mg/mL. The excipients in the oral drops include potassium sorbate, glycerol, propylene glycol, sucrose, sodium cyclamate, saccharin sodium, ethoxylated hydrogenated castor oil, mint oil (partly dementholised), aniseed flavour (PHL-140824), and purified water.
Excipients with known effect. Contains sugars and potassium sorbate.

3 Pharmaceutical Form

Tramal 50 mg capsules. Tramal 50 mg immediate release capsules are supplied as oblong, yellow/yellow, shiny hard gelatin capsules size 4.
Tramal 50 and 100 solution for injection. Tramal 50 and Tramal 100 solution for injection are supplied as clear, colourless solution.
Tramal SR sustained release tablets. Tramal SR 50 mg sustained release tablets are supplied as pale yellow coloured, round, biconvex, film-coated tablets, engraved with "T0" on one side and Grunenthal logo on the other side.
Tramal SR 100 mg sustained release tablets are supplied as white, round, biconvex, film-coated tablets, engraved with "T1" on one side and the Grunenthal logo on the other side.
Tramal SR 150 mg sustained release tablets are supplied as pale orange-coloured, round, bi-convex, film-coated tablets, engraved with "T2" on one side and the Grunenthal logo on the other side.
Tramal SR 200 mg sustained release tablets are supplied as slightly brownish orange-coloured, round, bi-convex, film-coated tablets, engraved with "T3" on one side and the Grunenthal logo on the other side.
Tramal oral drops 100 mg/mL. Tramal oral drops solution is supplied as clear, colourless to weakly yellow slightly viscous liquid, free from visible impurities.

4 Clinical Particulars

4.9 Overdose

Symptoms. Symptoms of overdosage with tramadol are similar to those of other centrally acting analgesics (opioids) and include miosis, vomiting, cardiovascular collapse, consciousness disorders including coma, convulsions, respiratory depression and respiratory arrest. Serotonin syndrome has also been reported.
Treatment. Should overdosage occur, general emergency measures should be implemented. Keep the respiratory airways open and maintain respiration and circulation. If overdosage is due to ingestion of an oral dose form, activated charcoal may reduce absorption of the drug if given within 1-2 hours after ingestion. In patients who are not fully conscious or have impaired gag reflex, consideration should be given to administering activated charcoal via a nasogastric tube, once the airway is protected.
Naloxone will reverse respiratory depression, but not all symptoms caused by overdosage with tramadol. Convulsions occurring in mice following the administration of toxic doses of tramadol could be suppressed with barbiturates or benzodiazepines, but were increased with naloxone. If convulsions are observed, diazepam should be given intravenously. Naloxone did not change the lethality of an overdose in mice.
Tramadol is minimally eliminated from the serum by haemodialysis or haemofiltration. Therefore, treatment of overdosage with tramadol with haemodialysis or haemofiltration alone is not suitable for detoxification.
For information on the management of overdose, contact the Poisons Information Centre on 13 11 26 (Australia).

5 Pharmacological Properties

5.3 Preclinical Safety Data

Genotoxicity. Tramadol was not mutagenic in the following assays: Ames Salmonella microsomal activation test, CHO/HPRT mammalian cell assay, mouse lymphoma assay (in the presence of metabolic activation), dominant lethal mutation tests in mice, chromosome aberration test in Chinese hamster cells and bone marrow micronucleus tests in mouse and Chinese hamster cells. Weakly mutagenic results occurred in the presence of metabolic activation in the mouse lymphoma assay and the micronucleus tests in rat cells. Overall, the weight of evidence from these tests indicates tramadol does not possess a genotoxic risk to humans.
Carcinogenicity. A slight, but statistically significant increase in two common murine tumours (pulmonary and hepatic) was observed in a mouse carcinogenicity study, particularly in aged mice dosed orally up to 30 mg/kg for approximately two years. Although the study was not conducted using the maximum tolerated dose, or at exposure levels expected in clinical use, this finding is not believed to suggest risk in humans. No such findings occurred in a rat carcinogenicity study.

6 Pharmaceutical Particulars

6.7 Physicochemical Properties

Tramal capsules, Tramal solution for injection, Tramal SR tablets and Tramal oral drops contain tramadol hydrochloride which is (1RS, 2RS)-2- [(dimethylamino)methyl]-1- (3-methoxyphenyl) cyclohexanol hydrochloride, with the formula: C16H25NO2.HCl. MW = 299.84.
Tramadol hydrochloride is an odourless, white to off white crystalline powder that is readily soluble in both water and methanol and has a pKa of 9.41. The water/n-octanol partition coefficient is 1.35 at pH 7. It belongs to the synthetic analgesics class and has opioid-like activity.
Chemical structure.
https://stagingapi.mims.com/au/public/v2/images/fullchemgif/CSTRAMAD.gif CAS number. The CAS registry number is 36282-47-0.

7 Medicine Schedule (Poisons Standard)

Schedule 4 - Prescription Only Medicine.

Summary Table of Changes

https://stagingapi.mims.com/au/public/v2/images/fulltablegif/TRAMSRST.gif